Challenges in trucking – adaptability as a solution?

Truck drivers face an increasing number of challenges, including a stressful workday with constant time pressure and complex human-machine interfaces in the vehicle with numerous displays and controls. The number of these interaction elements is predicted to increase even further. One possible solution to meet these challenges is adaptive human-machine interfaces (HMIs). Such interfaces allow for flexible adaptation to the various needs of users and the different situations they find themselves in. This improves usability, as the adaptive provision of functions and displays based on the current needs of the user is often more efficient than a static display. It also enhances the user experience (UX). Furthermore, the positive effects of adaptive displays on safety have already been demonstrated in passenger cars, for example, by reducing distractions in road traffic. Thus, adaptability shows a way in which human-machine interaction can also be improved in trucks.

This is precisely where our collaboration with MAN Truck & Bus SE comes in, as there has been insufficient research to date on adaptability in commercial vehicles. Therefore, we aim to investigate where adaptive systems can support truck drivers and how these systems should be designed.

Approach in the SALSA project

An iterative process is being used to design an adaptive display and operating concept for the truck. The starting point was a comprehensive analysis of the users and the usage context. Use cases and requirements were identified through focus groups with truck drivers and HMI experts. The high complexity of the HMI operation was particularly highlighted. This is reflected in the multi-level menu structure, the wide range of functions, and the high technical demands. Drivers reported that functions were difficult to find or remained unused due to complicated menu navigation. Experts and drivers see a potential solution in personalized settings and suggestions to efficiently design the operation so that it is perfectly tailored to the individual users.

However, the implementation of adaptive HMIs in trucks also presents challenges, according to the focus group results. Particularly noteworthy are the concerns regarding the shifting of responsibilities, which were emphasized in all focus groups. Drivers expressed concern about being patronized by overly intelligent systems. Experts underscored the necessity of always allowing users to retain control over adaptive functions.

Therefore, in the next step, initial prototypes were created based on these analyses. These are currently being evaluated in increasing levels of maturity in a driving simulator with regard to the aspects described. A strong focus here is on acceptance, in order to determine how personalized suggestions must be designed to offer added value. Appropriate metrics are also being used to measure distraction via eye tracking. The concept will thus be further developed in an iterative process to ensure the best possible support for professional drivers. In the final project phase, the developed concept will be tested in a real-world vehicle study over several weeks.